Default and Default Judgment
缺席及缺席判決
被告不出庭，法院缺席審，原告必勝訴？一起來看看美國民訴法的規定吧！
Default 缺席
A defendant should respond to the complaint in 21 days after being served with process. If she fails to respond, the court clerk will note this on the docket sheet in the case. The plaintiff must move for entry of default. Until a default is actually entered, the defendant can respond by motion or answer even beyond 21 days. The entry of default cuts off the defendant’s right to respond.
被告應在起訴狀送達后的21天內答辯，如未答辯，由書記員將此記錄在案。缺席登記必須由原告進行申請。在缺席登記前，被告仍可答辯，即便超出21天。缺席登記切斷了被告答辯的權利。
Default Judgment by Court Clerk
書記員作出的缺席判決
Enter of default does not automatically entitle the plaintiff to relief, she must seek a default judgment. The clerk of the court can enter a default judgment if
1) the defendant had made no response at all;
2) the claim itself is for a sum certain in money; and
3) the defendant is not a minor or incompetent.
原告并不能通過缺席登記自動獲得救濟，原告必須尋求缺席判決。書記員可以作出缺席判決，如果：
1) 被告從未答辯過；
2) 固定金額金錢訴請；和
3) 被告非未成年人或無民事行為能力人。
Default Judgment by Court
法庭作出的缺席判決
If any of the above is not true, the plaintiff must apply to the court for the default judgment. The judge will hold a hearing and has discretion whether to enter the judgment. The defendant is entitled to notice of the hearing if she has appeared in some fashion in the case. Unlike at trial, the plaintiff’s recovery in a hearing for a default judgment is limited to what is pleaded in the complaint.
如果不符合上述書記員缺席判決條件，將由法庭作出缺席判決。法官會組織庭審并自由裁量是否給予判決。如果被告之前以某種方式出現過，庭審應通知被告。不同于正式開庭審理，在缺席審理中，原告只能在其起訴狀的訴請范圍內獲得賠償。
Motion to Set Aside Default or Default Judgment
擱置缺席或缺席判決的動議
The defendant may move to have the court set aside a default or default judgment by showing good cause and a viable defense.
如果被告有充分的理由以及可切實可行的抗辯，被告可以申請法庭擱置缺席或缺席判決。
我國《民事訴訟法》
第一百四十七條 被告經傳票傳喚，無正當理由拒不到庭的，或者未經法庭許可中途退庭的，可以缺席判決。
作者介紹
延彬彬律師
現為上海律宏律師事務所合伙人律師，民革黨員。先后被評為民革上海市委三八紅旗手、民革普陀區委先進個人，并在第一屆上海律師學術大賽中獲“代理詞評選”優秀獎，持有證券從業資格證、上海市知識產權工作者證等。
執業領域：
不良資產處置，企業法律顧問，各類合同糾紛，勞動人事糾紛，婚姻家庭糾紛的處理，刑事案件以及行政案件的處理，醫療器械行業法律服務等。
執業理念：
每個人都值得擁有自己的私人律師。
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