在美國的財產法中,一個土地的無權占有者在滿足了一定條件后,就可以成為這塊土地的主人,而土地的真正主人將喪失他的權利。那么是哪些條件可以讓一塊土地輕松易主呢?一起來看一下吧。
反向占有
Adverse Possession
Adverse possession means that if the owner of the land does not, within the statutory period, take action to eject a possessor who claims adversely to the owner, title vests in the possessor. For possession to ripen into title, it must be continuous, opens and notorious, actual and exclusive,and hostile.
反向占有是指如果土地所有權人未在法定期間內驅逐不利于自己的占有者,所有權將授予占有者。因占有取得所有權,占有必須是持續的、公開的、實際且排他的,以及不利的。
“Continuous” means that the adverse claimant’s possession must be continuous throughout the statutory period, intermittent periods of occupancy are not sufficient.
“持續的”是指反向權利主張者的占有必須持續貫穿法定期間的始終,間歇性的占有是充分的。
“Opens and Notorious” means that the occupation must be sufficiently apparent to put the true owner on notice that a trespass is occurring.
“公開的”是指占有必須足夠明顯以使實際所有人知道非法侵入的發生。
“Actual” means that the adverse possessor will gain title only to land they actually occupy or invalid deed describes.
“實際的”是指反向占有者僅可對其實際占有的土地或無效契約中所描述的土地享有權利。
“Exclusive” means that the possessor is not sharing with the true owner and the public.
“排他的”是指占有者未于實際所有人或公眾分享權利。
“Hostile” means that the possessor enters without the owner’s permission.
“不利的”是指占有者的進入未經實際所有人許可。
The statute of limitations begins to run when the true owner can first bring suit. It does not run against a holder of future interest until the interest becomes possessory, nor does it run if the true owner, at the inception of the adverse possession, is afflicted by a disability.
訴訟時效自實際所有權人首次提起訴訟時生效。未來權利持有者的權利尚未成為所有權的,或在反向占有發生時,實際權利人是無行為能力的,訴訟時效不生效。
Exception 例外
Title to government-owned land and land registered under a Torrens system cannot be acquired by adverse possession.
國有土地或者按照托倫斯制度登記的土地所有權的取得,不適用反向占有。
我國《民法典》
第二百三十五條 無權占有不動產或者動產的,權利人可以請求返還原物。
作者介紹
延彬彬律師
現為上海律宏律師事務所合伙人律師,民革黨員。先后被評為民革上海市委三八紅旗手、民革普陀區委先進個人,并在第一屆上海律師學術大賽中獲“代理詞評選”優秀獎,持有證券從業資格證、上海市知識產權工作者證等。
執業領域:
不良資產處置,企業法律顧問,各類合同糾紛,勞動人事糾紛,婚姻家庭糾紛的處理,刑事案件以及行政案件的處理,醫療器械行業法律服務,美國綠卡申請及綠卡爭議解決等。
執業理念:
每個人都值得擁有自己的私人律師。
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